Scales
There are many types of scale from the simple 5 note pentatonic scale to the complex 12 note chromatic scale and many more.
Each type of scale has it's own unique personality and applications in music which varies in use from musician to musician.
Scales are the basic building blocks of music yet there are so many scales that are possible to construct that I would not have the space or time to put them all here. Instead I will stick to the 4 most common scales in use in western music today....for now anyway.
All scales are constructed from very specific combinations of intervals.
Since the Major Scale the Melodic Minor Scale the Harmonic Minor Scale and the Pentatonic Scale are the basis for most classical and contemporary music we will start there.